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By Dr Tushar Chauhan September 22, 2022
Image credit: National cancer institute
Image credit: National cancer institute
Three parts of a chromosome are telomeres, centromere and arms.
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Where human and other organisms contain linear chromosomes, only bacteria contains a circular chromosome.
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Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. For example, humans have 46 and mice have 40 chromosomes.
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Two types of chromosomes are autosomes and sex chromosomes. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and a single pair of sex chromosomes.
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Diploid cells have chromosomes in pairs while haploid cells have single chromosomes. In humans, all body cells are diploid except germ cells.
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Sex chromosomes are so crucial as it helps decide the fate of a fetus as male or female.
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Autosomes carry genes that help a cell in development, reproduction and growth.
Image credit: National cancer institute
Two types of regions on a chromosome are heterochromatin (dark and tightly packed) and euchromatic (light and loosely packed).
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The Euchromatin region is transcriptionally active while the heterochromatin region is transcriptionally inactive.
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We can see chromosomes under a microscope which is known as karyotyping.
Image credit: National cancer institute
A typical human karyotype is shown here.